Multi-Sensor Satellite Data Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Air Pollution in Abuja FCT and Adjoining States in Nigeria

Authors

  • John Okon James
    Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
  • Taiwo Adewumi
    Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
  • Omotayo May Durodola
    Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos, Nigeria
  • Rita Nwamaka Okonkwo
    Government Girls Secondary School, Rumuokwuta, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  • Oladiran Johnson Abimbola
    Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria

Keywords:

air pollution , urban area , remote sensing , Sentinel-5P , TROPOMI

Abstract

Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja has witnessed rapid urbanization, and this urbanization has significantly impacted the development of neighbouring states with the attendant increase in air pollution. This study presents a comprehensive multi-sensor satellite assessment of the spatiotemporal fluctuations of key pollutants—nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxides (SO₂), carbon (II) oxides (CO), methane (CH₄), ozone (O₃), and formaldehyde (HCHO), and the absorbing aerosol index (AI)—across Abuja and its neighbouring states (Nasarawa, Kogi, Niger, and Kaduna) from 2019 to 2024. Using satellite remote sensing data from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI together with other atmospheric data, the temporal dynamics of pollutants and their connections to parameters such as ambient temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and precipitation have been investigated. NO2 and HCHO were found to be increasing around Suleja, Abuja, and Lokoja, as SO2 and CO were found to be decreasing, indicating an improved efficient use of fuel and emission control. A positive correlation (r = 0.62) between precipitation and ozone was found, showing there is more convective transport and photochemical production during the rainy season. The effects of plants on the absorption of air pollution were shown through the negative correlations between NDVI, CO, and AI. Methane, on the other hand, moved from north to south in space, which was the same direction as changes in the intensity of farming. The findings show how unified policies, such as proper city planning, vegetation protection, and emission reduction, are important in sprawling urban areas for air pollution reduction.

Dimensions

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Published

2025-10-05

How to Cite

Multi-Sensor Satellite Data Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Air Pollution in Abuja FCT and Adjoining States in Nigeria. (2025). Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 3(2), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.62050/ljsir2025.v3n2.632

Issue

Volume 3, Issue 2 (October, 2025), Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (LJSIR)

Section

Physical Sciences
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Copyright (c) 2025 John Okon James , Taiwo Adewumi, Omotayo May Durodola, Rita Nwamaka Okonkwo, Oladiran Johnson Abimbola (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Multi-Sensor Satellite Data Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Air Pollution in Abuja FCT and Adjoining States in Nigeria. (2025). Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 3(2), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.62050/ljsir2025.v3n2.632

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